What are some common performance pitfalls in Flutter apps and how to avoid them?

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Flutter is powerful, but poor practices can degrade app performance. Here are common performance pitfalls and how to avoid them, in 1500 characters:

1. Rebuilding Widgets Unnecessarily:
   Rebuilding complex widgets frequently slows the UI. Use const constructors where possible and optimize build() methods. Use Provider, Riverpod, or ValueNotifier to rebuild only parts that change.

2. Excessive Use of SetState:
   Calling setState() too often or on large widgets causes unnecessary rebuilds. Instead, isolate state changes using scoped state management solutions like Bloc, Riverpod, or ChangeNotifier.

3. Inefficient List Rendering:
   Using Column with many children instead of ListView causes performance issues. Always use ListView.builder for large or infinite lists to render only visible items.

4. Layout Thrashing:
   Calling layout or size-dependent code (like MediaQuery or BuildContext) during build can cause repeated layout passes. Use WidgetsBinding.instance.addPostFrameCallback for such code.

5. Blocking the Main Thread:
   Running heavy computations or synchronous I/O on the UI thread freezes the app. Use compute() or isolate threads for expensive operations.

6. Poor Image Handling:
   Using large images without compression or caching leads to memory issues. Use CachedNetworkImage and properly size assets.

7. Missing Keys in Widgets:
   Not using Key in dynamic widget lists can lead to improper widget reuse and janky UI. Use ValueKey or ObjectKey in lists.

8. Too Many Repaints:
   Frequent repaints in complex UIs hurt performance. Use Repaint Boundary to isolate widgets that repaint often.

Profiling tools like Flutter Dev Tools help identify and fix these issues effectively.

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